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Social construction of HIV/AIDS: Theory and policy implications
Michael Polgar
Abstract
This paper considers five different social constructions of HIV and AIDS. In a medical model, science describes HIV scientifically and in the body, in terms of a compromised immune system, opportunistic infections, treatment and care. An epidemic model identifies risk behaviours and transmission routes, informing health education and disease prevention.
Organizational conceptions of AIDS developed by large interests, particularly hospitals, according to economic, administrative, and health concerns. Social constructions of AIDS as plague or punishment against society are advanced by moralists who equate HIV with taboo social and sexual behaviour, Political constructions of AIDS, highlight public health in the face of obstacles to treatment and the delivery of services to people living with HIV.
Political and moral constructs are at odds over AIDS as a form of social stigma, magnifying many forms of prejudice and discrimination. Each construct is supported by an institutional authority, framing the problems and responses to HIV and AIDS, the dominant metaphors and symbols, and the most pressing questions and uncertainties.
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